نشریه انسان پژوهی دینی
پیاپی 18-19 (بهار و تابستان 1388)

Having been considered as obstacles for the aims of the Jews, divine prophets had been fought or, at many cases, killed by them. When the second promised prophet, in torah, came, they did endeavor to stand against his mission by killing him. When it was not fulfilled, they, therefore, waged wars and brought the first uprisings against Islam to make him slow going toward Jerusalem. They, finally, by assassinating the prophet Mohammad and penetrating into his government could gain his succession which belonged by right to Imam Ali. This, once some of the connoisseurs having been misled, was so well-performed that it did not do anything through the opposition of some people even the daughter of the Prophet.

Islam, as a comprehensive school of thought with teachings beyond time and place, pays a great deal of attention to foreign policy. Elucidations of Islamic moral patterns, in general, and foreign policy, specifically, have been highly manifested in Quran and the traditions of holy Prophet. These two invaluable resources are the basis of this paper. It is, therefore, that establishing monotheism system in the world, meting out justice, notifying the religion and sending divine verses, avoiding dominancy and yielding the oppressed, as the aims of foreign policy in Islam, are based on series of theoretical principles and fundamentals extracted from Quran. In order for accomplishing these ends, political, diplomatic, economical, defensive, and propagandistic tactics with respect to sources of powers in foreign policy and prevailing conditions of the time had been noticed in the Islamic government of holy Prophet. In the face of unendurable problems and challenges in and out of Arabian Peninsula, holy Prophet could, considering the aims and mechanism of foreign policy and applying appropriate conduct, spread Islam outside the border of Saudi Arabia and set up the great civilization of Islam.

As an exegesis and description of Quran, Hadith is a secondary resource for eliciting Islamic precepts. This is, therefore, why narrating and writing it down had been focused on since the time of the Holy Prophet. Many researches have been done which mostly have showed the currency of oral narration of Hadith at the time of the Prophet. What the Majority of Shiite scholars, considering the historical, intellectual, and traditional reasoning, hold is that during the time of the Prophet, Hadith not only had been orally narrated but also, by some companions like Ali –peace be upon him-,had been written and that was how it transferred to the preceding generations.

Bada` is amongst the topics having been discussed in philosophy, theology, and principles of jurisprudence. In theology, it is going to be of concern while studying Divine knowledge and will. In spite of having no place for other Islamic sects, opposing imamiyyeh in some cases, the content of Bada` has been verified by them unintentionally. The relationship between Bada` and Divine will, therefore, have been examined by Shiites semantically; the study has led to the fact that God's will as an attribute of action, regardless of  its meaning as motive, love, consent, and the very action or the same as Divine knowledge, is in perfect conformity with the meaning of Bada`. This meaning can easily be accounted and interpreted in such a way that acceptance of Bada` means to accept neither change in God's essence nor any ignorance or lack of power for Him.

In the eyes of Imam Khomeini, the ultimate aims of founding an Islamic government, with the expand responsibilities of which are defined in three levels of national, regional, and universal. At the absence of infallible imam, therefore, the general approach of his toward the Islamic political system is of the kind of universal and international. In other word, he considered spreading Islam to the whole world as the authentic responsibility of Islam out side the national borders .Only when such an approach would happen that, the thought from which an Islamic government is born be exported. Such export, of course, with different kinds and essence, is what most of revelations dreamed of. In Imam Khomeini's thought and action, such export based on religious fundamentals had had its own forms and structures. This realistic and ideal approach has twofold of purposes that base on mutual interests seeks for national interests and acts upon the international duties.